Current state of dynamic surgery. A literature review.

BACKGROUND: Recently, dental implant technology has been widely used for oral reconstruction. Dental implants are the treatment of choice for those patients with dental absences. An optimal implant placement is based on the prosthetic driven concept in order to achieve an aesthetic and functional restoration with a long-term prognosis. There are two types of guided implant surgery that are described in the literature: Static Guided Surgery (SGS) and Dynamic Guided Surgery (DGS). The aim of this study is to be aware of the current state of dynamic surgery and compare in the literature the discrepancies between planning and placement of dental implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study consists of a bibliographic review on the topic. The research has been performed in the Medline/Pubmed of articles published by different professional associations and societies in the international context. RESULTS: Twenty two studies out of 100 articles from the initial search were finally included. Our results have been compared with other current available papers in the literature reviewed that obtained similar outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic navigation shows a better accuracy and precision of implant placement. To corroborate the results of this review as well as to evaluate the different variables that could influence the accuracy of this technique, future randomized control trials will be needed.

A comparison of molar root canal preparations using six instruments and instrumentation techniques.

Six different instruments (Flexofile, Canal Master U, Heliapical, Flexogate, Ultraflex, and Lightspeed) were evaluated in 240 mesial canals of extracted mandibular molars (40 canals per instrument type). After instrumentation, the roots were cross-sectioned 2, 5, and 9 mm from the apex. The cross sections were evaluated to determine the quality of canal preparation (round, oval, irregular). The best results were obtained with nickel-titanium, a short cutting blade and a rotary rather than a filing motion. The Canal Master U, Flexogate, and Lightspeed instruments had significantly more round canals than the Flexofile, Heliapical and Ultraflex instruments at all levels. The Lightspeed had the largest number of round canals at all levels. Instrumentation time was also recorded. The Canal Master U and Flexogate were significantly slower than the Flexofile, heliapical, Ultraflex, and Lightspeed instruments. There were no statistically significant differences within the faster group.

[Manual instrumentation of root canals. Review of the last decade]. / Instrumentación manual de conductos radiculares. Revisión de la última década.

In this article the authors make a literature review of root canal hand-instrumentation techniques in this decade. To make it possible, they also review the standardized instruments used in endodontics. They remark there are two great groups of files in use, K-type files and H-type files. In the former one there are rhombus section files and triangular section files, both more flexible than old square section files. Also in K-files group they remark the existence of files with a noncutting tip, useful for reaming techniques. In H-files group, they remark the existence of three types, typical H-files, Helifiles and S-files (including Unifiles). When studying the techniques, they remark as actual the flared techniques with anticurvature filing and step-back. New described ways of instrumentation are Crown-Down Pressureless Technique (which is said to reduce the extrusion of debris uses files with noncutting tip in reaming motion; and the Senia-Wildey technique.

[Deformations occurring in the apical third of curved root canals during biomechanical preparation using manual impulsion-traction techniques]. / Deformaciones provocadas en el tercio apical de los conductos radiculares curvos durante su preparación biomecánica mediante tecnicas manuales de impulsión-tracción.

Apical deformations, specially zips and elbows, during instrumentation of the root canals, are studied. The authors study why do they appear, their effect on endodontic therapy, and the way of avoiding them.